Day 8 post 1:
Please define or clarify what constitutes the following:
MLA/APA format
The five steps of the writing process
Rhetorical modes: narration, description, comparison/contrast, process analysis, illustration, definition, classification, causal analysis, and argument
primary sources
secondary sources
editorials,
summary
essays
reviews
critiques
synthesis
analysis
abstract
methodology
independent variable
dependent vaiable
logos
ethos
pathos
annotated bibliography
literature review
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MLA/APA format
MLA writing style
The MLA (Modern Language Association) requires that specific rules be followed for formatting manuscripts. It provides writers with a proper system to cite references, the usage of which enhances the writer’s credibility by listing outside sources in order to give recognition where it is due. One advantage of the MLA format is that it provides the user protection from possible accusation of plagiarism.
APA writing style
APA (American Psychological Association) is a writing style that is generally used within the realm of the social sciences. As in the case of the MLA writing style, the APA has a list of general format guidelines as well as a list of rules pertaining to paragraph structure.
The five steps of the writing process
Prewriting- An activity that causes the writer to think about he subject. The writer organizes his thoughts before he begins to write.
Drafting- The process of putting ideas down on paper. The focus is on content not mechanics
Revising- The process of refining the piece of writing. The writer adds to a writing piece. The writer reorganizes a piece of writing. The writer shares his story and gets input from peers or teacher.
Editing fixing errors
Publishing- The writing piece is prepared in final form, including illustrations. The writer shares his writing with others.
primary sources-main, personal exp, or testomony
secondary sources- books, web, like hand me downs
editorials- An article in a publication expressing the opinion of its editors or publishers.
summary- baisic overview of an event
essays A short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author.
Something resembling such a composition: a photojournalistic essay.
reviews- what someone else thinks both good and bad
critiques- What is wrong in the paper
synthesis- the combining of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities into a single or unified entity
analysis-
abstract- a summary of a text, scientific article, document, speech
methodology- a set or system of methods, principles, and rules for regulating a given discipline, as in the arts or sciences.
independent variable- Mathematics.
a variable in a functional relation whose value determines the value or values of other variables, as x in the relation y = 3x2.
dependent vaiable- Mathematics. a variable in a functional relation whose value is determined by the values assumed by other variables in the relation, as y in the relation y = 3x2
Statistics. (in an experiment) the event studied and expected to change when the independent variable is changed.
logos- A name, symbol, or trademark designed for easy and definite recognition, especially one borne on a single printing plate or piece of type.
Ethos- the moral element in dramatic literature that determines a character's action rather than his or her thought or emotion.
Pathos- the quality or power in an actual life experience or in literature, music, speech, or other forms of expression, of evoking a feeling of pity or compassion.
annotated bibliography- a bibliography that includes brief explanations or notes for each reference
Example:
An annotated bibliography helps the researcher determine which sources are relevant to a line of inquiry.
MLA- Modern Language Association. It is the format used for essays and papers. The most distinguishable feature is the way to do a work-cited page.
APA- American Psychological Association. It is used mostly for research papers. It uses heading and a different style of work-cited pages.
5 steps of writing- think, draft, revise, proofread, and publish
Narration- Is the way a story is told.
Description- Is the way you describe something.
Compare/Contrast- Is when you right down how two things are similar and how they are different
Process Analysis- Is when you write the steps to something, or the process, how it was done.
Illustration- using very descriptive words to describe something so the reader can almost visualize it.
Definition- Defining something, finding its meaning
Classification- Writing about something and the defining the groups that is under or in.
Casual Analysis- Providing the reason behind why something happened.
Argument- Using information to persuade the reader to see your view on a subject.
Primary Source- A first hand, eye-witness
Secondary Source- a second hand experience, getting information from someone who wasn’t there but heard about the events.
Editorials- an expression of the opinion of the editor or publisher.
Summery- A wrap up of the events discussed in a paper.
Essay- a short paper written about a subject.
Reviews- A opinion that is expressed about a certain paper, event, movie, etc…
Critique- a judgment on how something was performed, getting graded.
Synthesis- the combination of different elements into one item
Analysis- a study and opinion of a certain subject or item.
Abstract- a brief paragraph summarizing what was learned or made a point of in a paper.
Methodology- the principles, or rules, of a organization, or system
Independent Variable- an item that the experimenter can change.
Dependant Variable- an Item that changes due to the experiment.
Logos- a pictorial representation of a company, artist, band, etc…
Ethos- the character or view a person has
Pathos- the power of an actual life experience in literature
Annotated Biography- the list of sources used in a paper
Literature Review- a written piece of work that tries to go over important parts of a piece of work.
MLA format – The writing style that is used most to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. Lays out guidelines for headers, indentation, type size and spacing, and citations.
APA format – Similar to MLA, but more structured. Used mostly in the social sciences. Includes a standalone cover page as well as an abstract.
The five steps of the writing process:
Prewriting – Brainstorming, collecting background material, research, outlining, considering the audience
Drafting – rough copy, writing everything out without worrying about grammar or punctuation, or other mechanics
Revising – rewriting for clarification, making things make sense, reorganizing
Editing – correcting errors in spelling, word choice, verb choice, punctuation, etc.
Publishing – final stage sharing your work with others
Rhetorical modes:
Narration – covers what happened, gives the who, what, when, where, and how
Description – tells a story with great detail
Comparison/contrast – shows how two or much subjects are alike and different
Process analysis – basically an instruction manual, teachers the reader step-by-step how to do something
Illustration – gives specific examples to prove a central point
Definition – defines the subject more thoroughly and with greater detail than a dictionary might
Classification – takes a subject and breaks it down to its smallest parts
Causal analysis – analyzes why something occurred
Argument – takes a debatable subject and offers support in favor of it
Primary sources – original materials, provide first-hand evidence of the topic
Secondary sources – not evidence, but discussion of evidence after the fact
Editorial – an opinionated writing that aims to sway an opinion
Summary – a brief overview of a longer piece of work
Essays – a short writing that focuses on a specific topic or group of topics
Reviews – analyzing a writing and including how it affected you
Critiques – a detailed evaluation of a piece of work
Synthesis – combines more than one summary to show ideas that overlap
Analysis – examines a specific piece of writing and uses it to support a central idea
Abstract – a concise summary of the work to be considered
Methodology – a set of rules, methods or procedures for a particular discipline
Independent variable – the variable you control
Dependent variable – changes that occur due to the independent variable
Logos – appeals to reason or logic
Ethos – appeals to ethics and morals
Pathos – appeals to emotions
Annotated bibliography – a bibliography that includes a summary of each of your sources
Literature review – a combine summary and synthesis of a published work
MLA/APA- Modern Language Association/American Psychological Association, is the format used in writing some papers and creating a work cited page.
5 Steps of Writing-
Prewriting- Brainstorming ideas and free writing
Drafting- Process of writing ideas on paper and focus on content not mechanics.
Revising- Refining your work to better it.
Editing- Correctiing all punctuation, grammar, etc.
Publishing- Rewriting your paper, fixing all errors beforehand.
Primary Sources- these are sources from personal experience.
Secondary Sources-Sources that are retold by another person who heard about the topic.
Editorials- An articale that expreses the opinion of the editor or publisher.
Summary- The run down of an article, paper, etc.
Essay- Short piece of writing, usually from the authors point of view.
Reviews-the opinion of what you are reading.
Critques- Judging someones work and stating your feelings about it.
Synthesis-Combining two different things into one.
Analysis-Gathering information and thoughts about a paper.
Abstract- Considering a topic without a specific example.
Methodology-The way inwhich something is done.
Independent Variable-Variable controlled or manipulated by the researcher.
Dependent Variable-Factors that depend on the outcome of the experiment.
Logos- advertisements or trademarks of something.
Ethos-the distinguishing character, sentiment, moral nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group or institution.
Pathos-a quality that arouses emotion.
Annotated Bibliography-Each citation if followed by an annotation containing a breif description about the source.
Literature Review-a summary and explanation of key studies relevant to proposed project.
Please define or clarify what constitutes the following:
MLA documentation style is appropriate for research papers written for courses in the humanities, such as a composition course.
APA format is the documentation style that is appropriate for research papers written for courses in the humanities such as philosophy, history, and religion.
The MLA and APA format consist of different style of documentation. MLA refers to the list of sources as Works Cited, whereas the APA gives it the heading References.
The five steps of the writing process consist of brainstorming, drafting, and revising, editing and proof reading.
Rhetorical modes:
Narration is the act of telling a single story or several related stories.
Description is the expression as perceived by the five senses.
Comparison/contrast is to see how things are alike and different.
Process analysis is a technique that explains the steps or sequence to do something.
Illustration is giving an example as a response to a question.
Definition is using a word for what it means not to alter the message for other purposes.
Classification is to divide a subject into separate parts for further review.
Causal analysis is to discuss how certain actions may effect others behaviors.
Argument is using logic and an appeal to persuade a reader to change their beliefs.
Primary sources would be to interview someone directly.
Secondary sources are other documentation such as a book about a particular subject.
Editorials are the expressions of ones opinions.
Summary is a technique using an effective conclusion.
Essays are papers written to inform, convince, or persuade others.
Reviews are the criticism of a publication or work of art.
Critiques judge and evaluate in an effort to look for faults.
Synthesis is to build up with different topics or layers which result into one conclusion.
Analysis writing is to share an insight about an aspect of something.
Abstracts are brief descriptions about written articles.
Methodology is to document in an orderly fashion.
Independent variable is a word or group of words that can stand alone.
Dependent variables must have other words to assist with their function in a statement.
Logos is the strength of an argument.
Ethos is the credibility and reliability of an argument.
Pathos appeals to a reader’s values and attitudes.
Annotated bibliography are the critical notes that describe books and their authors.
Literature review is to scrutinize an essay.
MLA/APA format—widely used academic writing styles used in America. Pertains to humanities and literature.
The five steps of the writing process—
Storyboarding, research, diagramming)
First draft, (initial composition)
Revision, (Review, organize)
Proofreading, (Clarity)
Submitting (share the writing)
Rhetorical modes—
Narration—To tell a story in first person
Description—An account of events told with detail
Comparison/contrast—relative value of something with something else
Process analysis—A method to analysis through a systematic approach
Illustration—visualization such as sketches, paintings or photos.
Definition—The meaning of a word or phrase
Classification—A system that helps create order within
Causal analysis—Technique used to infer deeper, long term thought or policy
Argument—Set of sentences that set up a premise with a conclusion
Primary sources—First had knowledge, documents, recordings, diaries, and artifacts.
Secondary sources--Documents that relates to certain information presented somewhere else originally.
Editorials--Articles in a newspaper, magazine, or journal that expresses the opinion of the editor.
Summary—A short version of an original story
Essays—A short stint of writing, a writer’s personal view.
Reviews—An evaluation of apiece writing such as a movie, game, or book
Critiques—Judgments with questions and inquiries.
Synthesis—Linking things together, usually two different things into one.
Analysis—Breaking down issues into smaller sections to better understand.
Abstract—Brief summary of a writing.
Methodology—study of methods in which can be applied
Independent variable—Invokes change in relation to the dependant variable.
Dependent variable—Variable that is observed in response to the independent variable
Logos—Logic, thought, speech, and account.
Ethos—An argument that must be proved through competence.
Pathos—A metaphor or story telling. Used as a hook.
Annotated bibliography—A list of research sources. Also involves a summary.
Literature review—Text that aims to review critical points on a topic
MLA format – MLA style specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and using the English language in writing. MLA style also provides writers with a system for referencing their sources through parenthetical citation in their essays and Works Cited pages.
APA format – Essay should be typed, double- spaced on standard-sized paper with 1 inch margins on all sides. Use 10-12 pt. Times New Roman font or a similar font. Include a page header in the upper right-hand of every page.
Five steps of the writing process – prewriting, drafting, revising, proofreading, and publishing
Rhetorical Modes:
Narration – provides details of what happened
Description – illustrative detail
Comparison/contrast – show how subjects are alike and/or different
Process analysis – explains a procedure or breaks down the steps of a process
Illustration – visualization
Definition – exact term, classification, and summarizing description of the term
Classification – a subject is identified and broken into parts and sub-parts
Causal analysis – reason why things happen
Argument – an educated guess or opinion
Primary sources – original fundamental and authoritative document pertaining to an event or subject of inquiry
Secondary sources – accounts of the past created by people who are not first-hand witnesses of the event
Editorials – articles in a publication expressing the opinion of its editors or publishers
Summary – a condensed version, in your own words, of the writing of someone else
Essays – short piece of writing
Reviews – an evaluation of a publication
Critiques – deep analytical look
Synthesis – evaluation or analysis of research evidence
Analysis – an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole
Abstract – cover main points of a piece of writing
Methodology – a body of practices, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline or engage in an inquiry
Independent variable – presumed to affect or determine or determine a dependent variable
Dependent variable – a variable dependent on another variable
Logos – philosophy
Ethos – distinguishing character, sentiment, moral nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group, or institution
Pathos – denotes an author’s attempt to evoke a feeling of pity
Annotated bibliography – summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources
Literature review – body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge on a particular topic
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